LevFin Academy · Restricted Payments

A selected builder-basket right is economically option-like.

The teaching tool applies selected CNI, drafting, prior-usage and gate assumptions to a restricted-payments route. It does not parse an agreement, determine contract-specific availability or produce a market price.

Case presets

Closing EBITDA 100m
Hold period 5yrs

CNI path

Year 1 10m
Year 2 25m
Year 3 -40m
Year 4 30m
Year 5 40m
Year 6 45m
Year 7 50m

Drafting

Starter basket 40m
CNI builder share 50%
General basket 25m
Equity / excluded reload 0m
Declined proceeds 0m
Retained asset-sale proceeds 0m
Prior RPs / usage 0m

Valuation bridge

Debt face 600m
Market spread 425bps
Exercise / gate probability 70%

Stochastic CNI layer

CNI shock volatility 30% EBITDA
Risk-free discount rate 4.5%

Selected-route capacity estimate

€100mat hold exit

Builder teaching estimate

16 bpsstochastic CNI PV

Under the selected assumptions, the modeled route produces a €100m capacity estimate, equal to 1.0x closing EBITDA. The deterministic teaching bridge is 63 bps. The stochastic CNI layer estimates the isolated builder leg at €23m, or 16 bps on the same teaching basis. These are not legal conclusions or market prices.

Zero-floor value€23m
Capacity / EBITDA1.0x
Effective extraction€90m
Unrestricted-sub route€60m

Stochastic CNI option layer10,000 seeded paths

Builder payoff estimate€0m
Teaching bps bridge0 bps
PV01 bridge (100% survival)0 bps
MC std. error±0.0 bps
Zero-floor uplift€0m

Teaching estimate using the selected hold period, risk-free discount rate and explicit 100% survival; it is not a credit-curve RiskyPV01 and does not upgrade the payoff evidence

Selected-route stackSponsor-friendly

starter
builder
reloads
leakage
Starter €40m
CNI builder €35m
Reloads / general €25m
Asset-sale leakage €0m

Builder pathzero floor  no floor

gross cumulative builder component, before prior usage

Illustrative exit stack by source

modeled selected-route amount through the hold; actual availability depends on the agreement

Illustrative teaching model — full methodology here. The CNI component builds by the selected share of positive CNI and gives losses 100% negative credit. The selected-route amount is the modeled gross builder less prior RPs, floored at zero. The headline bps bridge is a teaching shortcut: effective extraction multiplied by the quoted-spread input, divided by debt face. The stochastic layer runs 10,000 seeded CNI paths around a user-selected centerline. Every output is a teaching estimate, not a market price, legal-capacity conclusion, trading mark or recommendation.

Go deeper. Request controlled access to the complete Covenants Bible or read the public nine-part LevFin Book condensed edition.

The full framework — why a builder basket is a path-dependent call, an equity cure a knock-in, and a make-whole an American call with a stepping strike — is Part VII of the LevFin Book. See also the tool methodology page for the formula, variables and worked example.